ืืืจื ืจืืืชืื ื
Finkel, Maran Rosh Hayeshiva Hagaon Harav Aryeh ztโl
ืืฉืืจืชื ืืช ืืฆืืืชื ืืืืณ ืืฉืจ ืืขืฉื ืืืชื ืืืื ืืื ืืื (ืื, ื)
ืจืฉืดื: “ืืื ืืื ืืขืืื ืืื, ืฉืื ืชืืื ืืขืืื ืืื, ืืืื ืกืืคื ืืื ืืชืด.
ืื ืฉืขืืกืง ืืชืืจื ืืืงืื ืขื ืขืฆืื ืขืื ืืืืืช ืฉืืื, ืฆืจืื ืืืืข ืฉืืื ื ืืงืื ืขืืื ืจืง ืืช ืืขืื ืฉืืงืืื ืืชืืจื ืืืืฆืืืช, ืืื ืืงืื ืืดื ืืช ืืฉืืจ ืืืืื ืฉื ืืื ืืขืืืดื, ืฉืื ืืืชื ื ืืืืื ืฉื ืชื ืื ื ืืงืืดื ืืื ืขื ืืชืืจื.
ืืืืฉ”ื ืืืกืืืช ืืฉืจืื (ืคืดื) “ืฉืืืื ืื ื ืืจื ืืื ืืืชืขื ื ืขื ืืณ ืืืืื ืืช ืืืื ืฉืืื ืชื” – ืืืื ืืขืืืดื. ืืื ืฆืจืื ืฉืืฉืื ืืืื ืืืื ืืืืืชื ืืขืืื ืื ืืืื.
ืืืืณ (ืืจืืืช ื.) ืืืจืฉืช ืืช ืืคืก’ “ืจืืื ืืื ืชืืืื ืืืจื ืืืืืื ืขื ืืฉืืืื ืืืืื ืกืื” ืฉืืืื ืขื ืืืืืช ืืืฆืจ, ืฉืืฉ ืืืื ืืฆืจ ืืื ืฉืืื ืืช ืืืื ืืืืืจ ืืืื ืืืืื ืืขืืืดื, ืฉืื ืืืืื ืืืืืชืืื ืฉืงืืืืื ืื ืฆื, ืืืืืช ืืืืง ืืงืืดื. ืื ืื ืืฉ ืืฆืจ ืจืข ืฉืืื ืืช ืืืื ืืชืขื ืืืืช ืืขืืืดื, ืืข”ื ืืืชื “ื”ืจ ืืื ืืจ ืืื ืืดืจ ืฉืืขืื ืื ืืงืืฉ, ืืขืืื ืืจืืื ืืฆืจ ืืืื ืขื ืืฆืจ ืืจืข”, ืืขืฉืืช ื ืืื ืืืืื ืืขืืื.
ืดืื ื ืฆืื ืืืื ืืื ืืื ืืขืกืืง ืืชืืจื ืฉื ืืืจ ืืืจื ืืืืืื, ืื ื ืฆืื ืืืื ืืื ืืื ืืงืจื ืงืจืืืช ืฉืืข ืฉื ืืืจ ืขื ืืฉืืืื. ืื ื ืฆืื ืืืื ืืื ืืื ืืืืืจ ืื ืืื ืืืืชื ืฉื ืืืจ ืืืืื ืกืื” – ืืืืืจ ืื ืฉืืื ืชืืืืช ืืขืืืดื, ืจืง ืืขืืืดื ืืื ืืชืืืืช. ืืืื ืืืืชื ืงืจืื, ืืฆืจืื ืื ืฆื ืืช ืืืื ืฉื ืฉืืจ ืืื ืืืกืืฃ ืืฆืืืช ืืืขืฉืื ืืืืื ืืืืืช ืืืื ืืขืืืดื.
ืืืืืช ืืขืฆื ืฉืืืืืจ ืื ืืื ืืืืชื, ืืืขืืื ืจืง ืืื ืฉืขืืกืง ืืชืืจื ืืืงืื ืขืืื ืขืื ืืืืืช ืฉืืื ืืืืืข ืฉืชืืืืช ืืืื ืืื ืจืง ืืืื ืขืืืดื, ืืืื ืื ืืืื ืืืืืชื, ืฉืขื ืืื ืฉืืืืืจ ืฉืืืื ืงืฆืจ ืืชืืืจ ืืืืืจื ืืงืืื ืืฆืืืช ืืืขืดื ืืื ืฆื ืืช ืืืฆืจ. ืื ืื ืฉืขืืงืจ ืืืืชื ืืืื ืืขืืืดื ืืชืขื ืืืืชืื, ืืจื ืืืจืื, ืืฉืืืืจ ืืช ืืื ืืืืชื ืฉืงืจื, ืืื ืืืืจื ืืืชืจ ืื ืฆื ืืช ืืื ืืขืืืดื ืืชืืืืชืื ืืื ืืืชืื ื ืื ืจืฆืื ืืงืืดื.
ืืจื ืจืืฉ ืืืฉืืื ืืืืื ืืจื ืืจืื ืคืื ืงื ืืฆืืื”ื
ืืืจื ืืืืื
Levovitz, Maran Hamashgiach Hagaon Harav Yeruchem ztโl
ืืืื ืืฉืืื
ืืฉื ืช ืชืจ”ืก ืืื ืืืืจ ืืชืื ืชื ืืืงืฉ ืืจื ืืืฉืืื ืืืืื ืืจื ืืจืืื ืืืืืืืืฅ ืืฆืืื”ื
ืืจืขืืืชื ืฉืชืืคืฉืจ ืื ืืืืื ืืคืจืืฉืืช ืฉืืื ื ืฉื ืื ืจืฆืืคืืช. ืขื ืืกืืืชื ื ืกืข ืืจืืืื ืืืืื ื”ืืืื ืงืืฉืื” ืฉื ืืจื ื’ืืคืฅ ืืืื’. ืืชืงืืคื ืื ืืื ืืช ืืฉ”ืก ืืืื ืื’ ืืืงื ืฉืืืื ืขืจืื ืขื ืืืจืืื. ืืฉื ืื ืืื ืืื ืืืืจ ืืืืชื ืคืขื ืืฉื ื ืืื ืืคืกื.
ืจืขืืืชื ืืฉืจ ื ืืื ืขื ืขืฆืื ืืช ืขืื ืืืืืช ืืืืช ืคืืจื ืกื ืืช ืืืฉืคืื ืืืกืขืื ืงืื ื ืฉืคืชืื. ืืืืจ ืฉืืื ื ืฉื ืื ืืฉืืืจ ืืืืชื ืืืชืืืื ืืขืืืจ ืืจืขืืืชื ืืขืื ืืคืจื ืกื, ืกืืจืื ืืจืื ืืช ืืืืจื ืื ืฉืื ืจืฆืื ื ืืื ืฉืืงืืืฉ ืขืฆืื ืืืืืื ืืชืืจื ืืฉืืืืช ื ืคืฉ ืืื ืื ืืจืืืช.
ืืืื ืืืืชื ืืจืืืื ืขืื ื’ืืคืฅ ืืืื’ ืขื ืืืื ืืืฉื ืช ืชืจืก”ื ืืื ื ืืืชื ืืื ืื ืจืืื ื ืฉื ืืฉืืืชื. ืืชืืืื ืืฉืฉ ืจ’ ืืจืืื ืื ืื ืืืื ืื ืื ืืืืจ ืืชืืืืืื, ืืืื ืืืืชื ืืื ืฉืืื ืืืืจ ืฉืืืืช ืืืกืจ ืืืฉืืื ื ืคืชืื ืืขืืื ืืช ืืืื ืืืืจืื ืืืื ืืืจืืื ืืืืช ืืฉ ืืืืืื ืืืืืช ืฉืืืขืื. ืชืืืืืื ืืขืืื ืฉืืืืืื ืกืคืืจืืช ืืื ืืืืื ืืืืื ืืืคื ืื ืคืฉ ืืชืืืื, ืืืื ืจ’ ืืจืืื ืืขื ืืืชื ืืชื ืืชืืืืก ืืืืืื ืืืืืืชืื ืืืืจ “ืืืื ืืจืื ืืื ืืืืื ืืืืช ืืจืืื, ืืคืืื ืงืจืฉ ืืืฉืจ ืืขืืืืืื ืืคื ื ืืฆืืืืจ ืืชืืื ืืืืจ.”
ืืกืคืจ ืืืืจืื ืืืืชืืงื ืืฉืืืช ืจืืืื, ืืืฉืจ ื ืืืื ืืจืืืช ืืช ืืืขืจืฆื ืืจืื ืฉืกืืืคืช ืืช ืชืืืืื ืืืฉืืื ืืืจ ืืืฉืืื ืืืืฉ, ืืืื ืืืฆืจ ืืช ืฆืขืืื ืืืขื ื ืฉืืื “ืชืืคืก ืืช ืืงืืื” ืฉื ื’ืืคืฅ ืืืื’. ืจ’ ืืจืืื ืืฉืจ ืืืื ืขืฆืื ืืคื ื ื’ืืคืฅ ืืืื’ ืืจืืฉ ืื ืืขืจืฆื ืขืฆืืื, ืืฉืฉ ืฉืื ืชืคืจืืฅ ืืืืืงืช ืืืฉืืื ืืืงืจืืช ืื ืืคืกื ืืืืชื ืฉื ื ื ืกืข ืืืืชื ืืืืืื ืืขืืื ืืช ืชืคืงืืื.
ืืฉืืืื ืืืื
Shpitzer, Harav Hagaon Meir Tzvi Shlita
ืืืจื ืืืช ืงืืืฉืื
ืื ื ืคืฉ ืืื ืื ืชืืื ืื
ืืชืื ืืืืื ืื ืืฉื”ืข ืืืืื ืชืื ื’ ืืืื ืืฉืืืื ืืื”ื ืืฉ ืืืืฉ ืฉื ืงืจืฉ ืืื ืืืื ืืืฆื ืืืืืื.
ืืข’ ืขืจืื”ืฉ ืก”ื ืข”ื ืืืืื ืขืืงืจ ืืื ื’ ืืืื ืืฉ ืื ืกืื ืืืื ื ืขืืื ื, ืืฉื ืก”ื ืข”ื ื”ื ืืืชืืจ ืืงืคืื ืื ืื”ืฉ ืืชืืจ ืืขืืื ื ืืืจ ื’ ืืืื ืื ื ืงืจืฉ ืืงืจื. ืืข’ ืืืืขืืจ ื”ื ื’ ืืืชืืจ
ืืืขื”ื ืืชื ืื ื ืืชื”ืช ืืจืืฉืืช ื ’ ืืืช ื”ื.
ืืข’ ืฉ”ื ืก”ื ื ”ื ืืืจ ื’ ืืืื ืื ืฆืื ืืฉืจ ืื ืืืฉื ืฉืื ืื ืืฆื ืื ืืื ืืื ืืื ืืืื ืืืชื ืืกืชืื ื ืคืื ืืื ืืฆืืืื ืืื ืฉืื ื ืคืื ืืฆืืืื ืื ืืคืืื ืืืืฉืื.
ืืืขื ืื ืืื ืืืจ ื’ ืืืื ืข’ ืขืจืื”ืฉ ืกืง”ืข ืืืืืง ืืืฉ”ื ืืื ืืื ืืกืืจ ืื”ื ืืืืฉืื, ืื”ื ืคืืชื ืข”ื ื’, ืืื ืืืื ืืืื ืชื ืืชื ืืืคื ืชืืก’ ื ืจืื ืืืืชืจ ืืืชืืื ืืืื ืืืฉื ืืืจ ืืฆืื.
ืืืื ืืชื ืค”ืช ืืืฃ ืืคื ืืฉ”ื ืืืกืืจ ืื”ื ืืืืฉืื ืืื ืืื ืืืกืืจ ืืืฉืืืช ื’ ืืืื ืืืฆืืืช, ืืืื ืืืืฉ ืฉืื ืืืฉื ืื”ื.
ืืืฉ ืฉืืชืื ืืขื ืื ืืื ืงืคืื ืืืชืจ ืืืฉื ืืืจ ืฆืืืื, ืืืื ืฉืืฉ ืืชืืจืื ืืขืืื ืืืื ืฉืฆืื ืืืจ ื’ ืืืื ืืืฉื ืืืจ ืฆืืืื ืื ”ื, ืืื ืืฉ ืืชืืจืื ืืฉืจ ืงืคืื ืืืจ ื’ ืืืื ืื ”ื, ืืืืืื ืืื ืืฉื ืืขื ืฉืื”ื ืืืชืืจ.
ืืื ืืื ืืืืืจื
Shmulevitz, Maran Rosh Hayeshiva Hagaon Harav Refoel ztโl
ื. ืฆืืืชื ืืชืืจื (ืืืงืจื ื”ื ื”ื) ืืืืืช ืืจืขื ืืืื, ืืืืจ ืขืืื ืขื ืื, ืืื ืืชืื ืืืืื ืืช ืืืื ืืืืื ืืช ืืืืจื ืืืจื ืฉืืื ืืืื ืืช ืขืฆืื, ืืืืจ ืขืื ืข”ื ืืจืื”ื (ืฉื ื”ื), ืืืชื ืืืขื ืืืืืช ืืจืขื ืืืื, ย ืืคืืื, ืื ืื ืืงืื ืื ืืืื ืฉืืืืื ืืช ืืืืจื ืืืืืชื ืืช ื ืคืฉื, ืืขื”ืฉ ืฉื ืจ’ ืืืืจืื ืฉืคื’ ืฉืืืฆืื ืืื ืืื ืืื ืืืขืฉื, ืื ืืื ืขื ืืืืจื ืืืืื ืื ืืืจื ืฉืืื ืืืื ืืขืฆืื, ืืืื ืืคืฅ ืืืื ืฉืืืื ืืื ืืืืืจื ืืื ืฉืจืืฆื ืฉืืื ืืื ืืขืฆืื, ืืื ืขื ืขืฆื ืืืจืืฉื ืื ืคืฉืืช, ืืขื’ ืืคื’ ืืืืจ ืฉื ืฉืื ื ืืืจ ืืช ืจืขื, ืฉืืื ืืฉืืข ืฉืืืื ืืช ืืืฃ ืืืืจื ืืืืคื, ืืื ืืืจ ืืจืขื, ืคื’ ืฉืืืื ืืืื ืืืืืจื ืืื ืื ืคืฉื.
ืืจืืืชื ืืืชืื ืืกืื ืืงืื, (ืืืื ื ืืจืืื ืกื’ ืค’), ืฉืขืื ืข”ื ืืื ืืืื ืืื ืืืืื ืืช ืืืืจื ืืื ืฉืืื ืืืื ืืช ืขืฆืื, ืืืืืจ ืืช ืืืืืจ ืืืืืช ืืจืขื ืืืื, (ืฉืืื ืืืืจืื ืืืืช ืืืืื) ืฉืืื ืฉืืื ืืืื ืืช ืขืฆืื ืื ืืืืช ืืฆืื ืืื ืฉืื ืืื ืืืืข, ืืื ืืงืจื ืฉืืืืจ ืืื ืืืจ ืืฆืืชื ืืื ืืืืช ืืืืช ืขืฆืื, ืื ืืืื ืืช ืืืืจื ืืืืข, ืื ืชืื ืืืืชื ืฉืืืื.
ืืื ืืืืจ ืฉื ืืช ืื ืื ืฉื ืื ื ืืืืืช “ืืืืื ืขื ืืื ืื ื ืืืชื”, ืฉืฆืจืื ืืืชื ืฆืืงื ืืืจื ืฉืืื ืืืืื ืืช ืื ืื, ืฉื ืืืจ ืข”ื ืขืืฉื ืฆืืงื ืืื ืขืช, ืื ืืื ืื ืื ืืื ืืชืื, ืฉืืื ื ืืชื ืืื ืืืฆืืช ืฆืืงื, ืืื ื ืืชื ืืื ืืืจื ืฉืืื ื ืืชื ืืชืื ืคืื, ืืฉืืื ืืืื ืฉืืืื ืืื ืืช ืืช ืื ื ืืืชื ืืืืื ืืืฉืงื. ืื ืฆืจืื ืืื ืืืชืจืื ืืืืช ืื ืืืืืช, ืขื ืฉืืฉืื ืืคืจื ืก ืืืขืืืจ ืืขื ืืื ืืืืื ืืื ืื ื ืืืชื.
ื. ืืืฉ ืืืื ืืืฆืืช ืืกื ืืืื ืืืฆืืืช ืฉืืื ืืื ืืืืืจื, ืื ืืืื ืช ืืขืืฉื ืฆืจืืื ืืืืืช ืืงืืื ืืช ืืืฆืื, ืื ืืืืื ื ืฆืจืืื ืืืืืช ืืืืื ืืืืืจื.
ืืื ื ืืชื ืืฉืขืจื ืชืฉืืื ืืจืืื ื ืืื ื ืฉืขืจ ื’ ืืืช ื”ื, ืืืืืืจ ืืืืืจ ืืฆืืงื ืื ืชืงืคืืฅ ืืช ืืื ืืื ืชืืืฅ ืืช ืืืื, ืื”ื ืืืขืืืจ ืื ืื ืืืคืฉืจ ืฉืื ืืงืคืืฅ ืืช ืืื, ืืืืื ืืช ืืขื ื ืืื ืืืจื ืจืืื ืืช ืื’, ืข”ื ืืชืื ืื ืชืืืฅ ืืช ืืืื ืข”ื. ืืจื ืืืคื’ ื ืชื ืฆืืงื ืื ื ืชื ืฉืื ืืืจื ืจืืื ืืช ืขืืืจ ืืื ืชืืืฅ. ืื ืืฆื ืืคื”ื ืืจ’ ืืื ื, ืืื ืฉืืชื ืฆืืงื ืจืง ืืฉืื ืงืืื ืืืฆืื, ืืืืื ืืืฆืื ืื’ ืืืืฅ ืืช ืืืื, ืขืืืจ ืขื ื”ืช ืื. ืืืฆืื ื ืื ืืืืื ืืกื”ืง ืืฆืื ื’, ‘ืืื ืชืืืฅ’, ืฉืื ืืืืจ ืื ืื ื ืืกืืืข ืืคืืื ื, ืื ืืื ืจืืฆื ืืื ืืจืืื ืืืชืจ ืืฆืจืื, ืช”ื ืื ืชืืืฅ, ืฉืืคืืื ืืชื ื ืืชื ืืืืฉืื ืืืืช, ืืชื ืขืืืจ ืืื ืชืืืฅ ืขื”ื. ืืืืืืจื ืื ืืืืจื ืืจ”ื, ืืื ืืื ื ืืชื ืืืืฉืื ืื, ืืจื ืืื ื ื ืืชื ืืชืื ืจืืื ืืช ืขื ืืขื ื, ืืื ืืฉืื ืงืืื ืืืฆืื, ืืขืืืจ ืืื ืืื ืชืืืฅ.
ืืืฉ ืืขื’ ืื ืืื ืฉืืจ ืืฆืืืช ืฉืืื ืืื ืืืืืจื, ืฉืื ื ืืืจ ืฉื ืืืื ืฉื ืื ืชืืืฅ. ืืืฆืื ื ืืืืจ”ื ืืืืจ ืืจืื ืฉืืืช ื’ ื”ื ืฉืืชื ืืืืจ ืืช ืืืืืจ ืื ืืกืฃ ืชืืื ืืช ืขืื, ืื ืฉืืชืื ืืฉืื “ืื” ืืข”ืค ืืืืื ืืื, ืืคื ื ืฉืื ืืขืฉื ืืืืื ืืืืื ืืงืืื ืืืืจืช ืืืื ืืื ืืืืจ ืืจืฆืื ืืืงื”ื, ืืฆืจืื ืฉืืขืฉื ืืจืฆืื ื, ืืื ืืฉืืขืฉื ืืจืฆืื ื ืืื ืืจืืฆื, ืืื ืืืื ืืกืฃ ืืืืื ืืงืืื ืืืืจืช ืืืื, ืืื ืื ืืฆืื, ืื ืฆืจืื ืฉืืืื ืืฆืืช ืืืืืื ืืจืฆืื ื ืืื ืืื, ืืืืชืื (ืืืจืื ืื, ื) “ืืื ืืจืข ืืืื ืืชืชื ืื”.
ืืืืืืจื ืื ืืื ืืื ืืฆืื ืฉืืื ืืื ืืืืืจื ืฉืืื ืืขืฉืืชื ืืืืช ืืืฆืื ืืจืืื, ืืื ืืขืฉืืชื ืืฉืื ืืืื ืืจืื ืขื ืืขื ื ืืจืืฆื ืืืืืช ืืืืจื.
ื. ืืื ืืื ืืืืื ื ืืืขืฉื ืจืง ืืฉืื ืฉืจืืฆื ืืืืื ืขื ืืืืจื, ืืื ืืื ืืงืืื ืืฆืืช ืืฉื, ืืืืื ืืืื ืืืืฆืืืช ืฉืืื ืืื ืืืงืื, ืื ืื ืืื ืฆืจืืืืช ืืืื ื, ื”ื ืฉืืืืืช ืืืฆืื ืืื ื ืืื ืืืืื ื ืืฉื ืืฆืื, ืื ืื ืืืฆืืืช ืฉืืื ืืื ืืืืืจื, ืืืืจื ืฉืืฆืื ื ืขืื ืืืืจ ืืจืื ืฉื, ืืืืืืจ ืื ืฉื ืืืจ ืืื ืืืื ืืื ืื ืชืื ื ืื, ืืฉืื “ืื” ืืืืื ืื ืจืฉืืช, ืืืจื ืืืื ืืื, ืืืชื ื”ืื ืืื ื ืืืื, ืฉืืื ืขืืืืชื ืืชืืจื ืืืงืจืื ืขืืื, ืืืื ืืงืืื ืืื ืืืืจืช ืืืื ืืืื, ืืื ืื ืขืืืื, ืื ืืขืืืื ืฆืจืื ืฉืืืื ืขืืื ืื ืืจืฆืื ื, ืืื ื ืงืจื ‘ืขืืื’, ืืื ืื ืืื ืืืืจื, ืืื ืื ืขืืื”, ืืืื ืกืคืง ืฉืืื ืื ืืืืื ืฆืจืื ืืืชืืืื ืืฉื ืืฆืื, ืืื ืืฆืจืื ื”ื ืฉืืขืฉื ืื ืืจืฆืื ื ืืืืื ืื ืืืชื ืืฆืื ืืื, ืืื ื ืื ืืืฆืืช ืฉืืื ืืื ืืืืืจื, ืื ืืขืฉื ืืืชื ืจืง ืืฉืื ืืืฆืื, ืืื ืืื ืืฆืื, ืืื ืืฉืขืืฉื ืืืชื ืืฉืื ืฉืจืืฆื ืืืืื ืืืืืจื, ืืขืฉื ืืืชื ืืฉื ืืฆืื.
ืืืืชืจ ืืื ืืืืจ ืืืื”ืจ ืืฆ”ื ย (ืืฉืืืืช ืืืกืจ ืืืืจ ื’) ืืื ื ืืชื ืจืฉ”ื ืืกื”ืค ืงืืืฉืื, [ืืืื ืืืืงืื ืฉืืขืื ื ืฉื], ืจืื ืืืขืืจ ืื ืขืืจืื ืืืืจ ืื ืื ืฉืื ืืืืจ ืืื ื ืคืฉื ืงืฆื ืืืฉืจ ืืืืจ, ืื ืืคืฉื ืืืืืฉ ืืืืื, ืืื ืืืืจ ืืคืฉื ืืื ืืขืฉื ืืืื ืฉืืฉืืื ืืืจ ืขืื, ืช”ื ืืืืืื ืืชืื ืื ืืขืืื ืืืืืช ืื ืฉืชืื ืืืืืชืื ืืื ืืฉืื ืคืืจืฉ ืื ืืขืืืจื ืืืงืื ืขืืื ืขืื ืืืืืช ืฉืืื.
ืืืชื ืืจืื”ื (ืืฉืืื ื ืคืจืงืื ืค”ื), ืฉืื ืฉืืืจื ืื”ื: “ืื ืืืืจ ืืื ืื ืืคืฉื ืืืืื ืืฉืจ ืืืื, ืืื ืืืืจ ืืคืฉื ืืื ืืขืฉื ืืืื ืฉืืฉืืื ืืืจ ืขืื”, ืื ืืืช ืืืฆืืช ืืฉืืขืืืช [ืืืงืื], ืืื ืืืฆืืช ืืฉืืืืืช ืฆืจืื ืืื ืืืืจ ืื ืืคืฉื ืืขืฉืืช ืจืข ืืื, ืืืขืืชื ืืืืื ืืืขืืช ืืืื ืืืชืืื ืืจืข ืืืืฉื ืื ืคืฉื, ืืขื”ืฉ, ืืืืืจ ืืืื”ืจ ืืฆ”ื ืื ืืื ื ืืืฆืืช ืืฉืืืืืช ืฆืจืื ืืืืจ “ืื ืืคืฉื”, ืืื ืืืืจ ืืื ืจืืฆื ืื ื ืืจืฆืื ืืืืืื ืืื ืืขืฉื ืฉืืงื”ื ืืืจ ืขืื, ืืืื ืืื ืืืฉืืช ืืื ืืืืจื, ืืื ืขืชื ืฉื ืฆืืืื ื ืขื ืื ืืืช ืืงื”ื, ืืื ืืขื ืืขืืงืจืืช ืืืจืฆืื ืืืืืื, ืืื ืฆืืืืื ืืช’, ืืื ืฉืืจ ืืืืฉืืืื ืืืืื ืืืชื ืืืื ืืืืก ืืฆืืืื ืืงื”ื. ืืืื ืืื ืืื ืืื ื ืืคื ื ืืื ืืืื ืืืืก ืฉืืื ื ืืืืื ืืืืช ืืืืืกื, ืื ืืืข ืื ืฉืืขืืจื ืืชืืื ืกื ืืืืช ืืื ืืืืืื ืืื ืืื ืืช, ืืื ื ืืืจ ืฉืืื ืคืืจืฉ ืื ืืืืื ืืืืช ืืืืืกื, ืืืื ืฉืืื ื ืื, ืื ืืฉื ืืืข ืื ืฉืืขืืจื ืื ืกื ืืืืช, ืคืืจืฉ ืืื ืืืืช ืกื ืืืืช ืฉืื, ืฉืืขืค”ื ืฉืื ืืืื ืกื ืืืืช ืืื ืคืืจืฉ ืื ืืืืื, ื”ื ืขืชื ืืืื ืืืขื ืืขืืงืจื ืฉื ืกืื ืช ืืืืช. [ืืืืื ืจืืื ืืจืืจื ืืืืจื ืืจืื”ื ืืืืื ืกืค”ื, ืฉืืชื ืฉืื ื ื ืฆืจืื ืืงืืื ื’ ืืฆืืช ืืคื ื ืฉื ืฆืืื ืืื ืข”ื ืืงื”ื ืืชืืจื, ืืื ืื ืขืฉืื ืืคื ื ืืืจืข ืืืขืช, ืืื ืื ืืจ ืชืืฉื ืืื ืืืกืืื ืืืืืช ืืขืืื ืืื ืืืืืืื”, ืขื”ื. ืืืจื ืื’ ืืืฆืืืช ืืืืืืช ืื ืืฆืืืช ืฉืืืืืช, ืื”ื ืื ืืืืง ืืจืื”ื ืืื ืืงืืข ืื ืืช ืืืื ืืขืฉื ืืคื ื ืฉืฆืืื ืืงื”ื ืืชืืจื, ืืื ืืคื ื ืืืจืข ืืืขืช, ืืื ืื ืืจื ืื ืืืฉืจืื ืขื ืืืช ืืื ืืืื].
ืื ืจืื ืืืื ืื ืืื ืืื ืืืฆืืืช ืฉืืื ืืื ืืืืืจื, ืืฆืืจืช ืืืฆืื ืืื ืฉืืชื ืฆืืงื ืืจืฆืื ื ืืชืื ืจืืื ืืช ืขื ืืขื ื, ืื ืืืื ืฉื ืฆืืื ืขื ืื, ืืจื ืขืืงืจ ืชืืืืช ื ืชืื ืช ืืฆืืงื ืืื ืงืืื ืฆืืืืื ืืช’, ืืฆืืจืช ืงืืื ืืืฆืื ืืื ืฉื ืืชื ืฆืืงื ืืชืื ืฉืืจืื ืขื ืืขื ื, ืืืื ืืื ืกืชืืจื.
ื. ืื ืกืืื ืืืืจื ืืืื”ืจ ืืฆ”ื ืืืขื ืฉืคื ืื ื ื ืขื ืฉื, ืืข”ื ืืืฉื ืฉืืื ืืืขืกื ืืช ืื ื ืื ืชืืืื ื ืืืืืชื ืฉืชืชืคืื ืืชืืืฉืข, ืืฆืืงืช ืืืืจื ืืืชื, ื”ื ืืื ืืื ืืืืืจื ืืื ืืื ืืฉ ืืืขืจืช, ืืืืื ืืก ืืื ืืืฉ ื ืืืื ืื ืืฉืื ืขืื ืฉ ืืื ืื ืืื ืืืฆืืืืช, ืืื ืืืืจ ืฉื ืืืข, [ืืคืฉืื ืืืื ืืืืื ื ื”ืืืข” ืืืฉ, ืฉืืจื ืื ื ืจืืืื ืืจืื ืื ”ื ืคืืืขืื ืืืื ื ื ืขื ืฉืื, ืืื ืกืื ืขืื ืฉ ืืขืื ืืืข, ืืืืื ื ืืืืื ื ืืืืื ืืื ื ืืฆืืื ืืขืื ืฉ ืื, ืื”ื ืขืื ืฉ ืืื, ืืืืฆืืข ืืขืื ืฉ ืชืืื ืืืฉืืื ืืช ืฉืืื, ืืื ืฉืืจ ืขืื ืฉื ืฉืืื].
ืืฉืืืชื ืืช ืืืื”ืจ ืืื ืจืืคื ืืงืืืข ืจืืื ืฉื ืืื ืืื ืืืฆืืื, ื ืืฉื ืฉืคืืข ืืืื ืืื ืืืืืจื ืืืืขื ืฉ ืข”ื, ืืืื ื ืืืืจ ืื ืืฉืืื ื. ืื ื ืจืื ืืืืืืง ืืืื ืืฉ, ืืืื ืืืื ืช ืืจืืคื ืืฆืขืจ ืืช ืืืืื, ืืื ืืข”ื ืงืืืขืช ืืจืื ืืืืจื ืืื ืืฆืืขืจ, ืืืืื ืืงืืข ืืช ืืจืื ืืืืืชื, ืื ืคืืข ืืืื ืืื ืืืืืจื. ืืื ืื ื ืขืืงืจ ืืืจืชื ืืื ืืฆืขืจื, ืืื ืืฆืขืจ ืื ืืืืืชื ืืื, ืืืื ืืฉ ืืื ืคืืืขื ืืืื ืืื ืืืืืจื ืืข”ื ืืืืื ืชื ืืืืื. ืืืืชืจ ืืื ื ืจืื, ืืื ื ืืืืจืื ืืฆืขืจ ืืช ืื ื ืืืืคื ืฉืื ืชืืข ืฉืืืืืชื ืืื ืขืืฉื ืื, ืืข”ื ืืื ืฉื ืคืืืขื ืืืื ืืื ืืืืืจื, ืืื ืืืืคื ืฉืขืฆื ืฆืขืจื ืฉื ืืื ืจืคืืื ืืื ืื, ืืื ืืืฆืขืจื ืคืืืข ืืืื ืืื ืืืืืจื ืื ืฉืืื ืืชืืืื ืืืืืชื ืฉื ืืืืจื, ืืืื ืฉืืืืจื ืืืืข ืฉืืืืืชื ืืื ืขืืฉื, ืื ืฉืืื ื ืืืืข ืืื ืื ืขืฉื ืื ืฆืขืจ ืื, ืืืืื ื ืืื ืขืฆื ืืฆืขืจ ืฉืืื ืืืจื ืื ืืื ืืคืืืขื ืืืื ืืื ืืืืืจื, ืืฉืืื ืืชืืืื ืืืืืชื ืฉื ืืืืจื, ืืื ืื ืฉืืืืจื “ืืชืขืื” ืื.
โซโชParshaโฌโฌ โซโชPreview
Friedman, Harav Hagaon Moshe Ahron Shlita
The Most Precious Commodity
Parashas Acharei Mos/Kedoshim
Harav Hagaon Moshe Aharon Friedman shlita
The Magen Avraham (Hilchos Yom Kippur 621) cites the Zoharโs statement, in Parashas Acharei Mos, that anyone who is pained by the deaths of Aharonโs sons and sheds tears over them, his sins are forgiven and his children do not die in his lifetime. The Magen Avraham adds that this is brought by the Arizal in his Sefer Kavanos as well.
The mefarshim discuss whether this segulah applies specifically on Yom Kippur, which the Shelah and the Pri Megadim seem to indicate, or whether it applies the whole year. Perhaps it is specifically applicable on Rosh Chodesh Nissan, which was the eighth day of the Miluโim, and the date when Nadav and Avihu died? Or maybe the week of Parashas Acharei Mos is an auspicious time to feel pain and shed tears over their deaths?
Over the past few weeks, so many families in Klal Yisrael have lost siblings. Itโs not for nothing that time and again, brothers and sisters are taken away. Someone who feels pain and cries over this should have his sins forgiven and should not lose his children during his lifetime. But the main thing is that there should be increased brotherhood among us. Hakadosh Baruch Hu is hinting to us that we should feel that weโre all brothers. Thatโs the idea of crying over the deaths of Aharonโs sons.
Delving deeper into the reason they died, thereโs a contradiction in the pesukim regarding what exactly their sin was, and there are also diverging statements in Chazal to this effect.
The Baal Haturim comments, in Parashas Shemini, regarding the passuk ืึทืชึตึผืฆึตื ืึตืฉื ืึดืึดึผืคึฐื ึตื ื’ ืึทืชึนึผืืึทื ืืึนืชึธื, that the word ืืึนืชึธื is spelled malei, with a vav, alluding to six misdeeds by Nadav and Avinu: (1) they brought an eish zarah, foreign fire; (2) they issued a halachic ruling before their rebbi; (3) they entered the Mishkan after drinking wine; (4) they did not have children; (5) they sought leadership positions; and (6) they did not seek guidance.
The Chidah notes that the words ืืฉ ืืจื are an acronym for five misdeeds: alef stands for ืึตืฉื ืึธืจึธื, shin stands for ืฉืชืืื ืืื, zayin stands for ืืจืข (not engaging in procreation), reish stands for ืจืืืฅ ืืืื ืืจืืืื (entering the Mishkan without washing their hands and feet from the kiyor), and hei stands for ืืืจืื ืืคื ื ืจืื.
Other sources point to different misdeeds that led to the deaths of Nadav and Avihu, but we can explain that the common denominator among all of them is that they sought a madreigah that was beyond them. Already at Mattan Torah, the passuk says ืึทืึดึผืจึฐืืึผ ืึตืช ืึฑืึนืงึตื ืึดืฉึฐืืจึธืึตื, and already then this decree against them was made. According to some, their deaths were a punishment for Aharonโs role in cheit haโeigel, a fulfillment of ืึฐืฉึทืืึตึผื ืฉึฐืื ึทืึดื ืึฐืจึตืขึตืืึผ, and cheit haโeigel was also, according to many mefarshim, essentially a quest for a higher madreigah.
Entering the Mishkan after drinking wine was an attempt to attain a lofty madreigah. But their mistake was failing to realize that ืืึนืึดืื ืึนึผืึถืืึธ ืึดืึธึผืึดื; the Sfas Emes explains that ืึนึผืึถืืึธ connotes the command of Hashem. Thatโs more important than striving for a lofty level by entering the Mikdash after drinking wine. And in the end, thatโs the madreigah that they attained, as the passuk states, ืึทืึฒืจึตื ืืึนืช ืฉึฐืื ึตื ืึฐึผื ึตื ืึทืึฒืจึนื ืึฐึผืงึธืจึฐืึธืชึธื ืึดืคึฐื ึตื ื’ ืึทืึธึผืึปืชืึผ. The Ohr Hachaim discusses how the Bnei Aharon did reach such a level.
Similarly, R’ Shimshon of Ostropolia teaches that Moshe Rabbeinu wondered why Nadav and Avihu had not been taken from this world alive, like Chanoch and Eliyahu, and Hakadosh Baruch Hu answered that they were on an even higher level than Chanoch and Eliyahu. They reached such a high level of kirvas Hashem that they died; the only way to attain such a level is through death.
Iyovโs Fear
The Midrash applies to the deaths of Nadav and Avihu the passuk in Iyov (37:1), ืึทืฃ ืึฐืึนืืช ืึถืึฑืจึทื ืึดืึดึผื ืึฐืึดืชึทึผืจ ืึดืึฐึผืงืึนืื. Why was Iyovโs heart frightened over their deaths?
The answer can be found in the following Gemara (Sanhedrin 52a):
ืืืืจ ืืื ืืฉื ืืืืจื ืืืืืื ืืืจื ืื ืื ืืืืืืื ืืืืืื ืืืจืืื ืืื ืืฉืจืื ืืืจืืื, ืืืจ ืื ื ืื ืืืืืืื: ืืืืชื ืืืืชื ืฉื ื ืืงื ืื ืืืื ืืื ื ืืืชื ื ื ืืื ืืช ืืืืจ? ืืืจ ืืื ืืงืืืฉ ืืจืื ืืื: ืื ืจืื ืื ืงืืืจ ืืช ืื.
Nadav asked Avihu, โWhen will these two elders die, and you and I will lead the generation?โ We might have thought that since it was Nadav who said this, only he deserved to die. Yet Avihu was punished as well, because he remained silent and did not protest. This is the message that frightened Iyov, who remained silent when Bilam gave his nefarious advice to Pharaoh. Yisro ran away and was rewarded, but Iyov was punished for his silence. He could have claimed that he was undeserving of punishment, since he had not actually done anything, but the fact that both Nadav and Avihu were punished โ even though Avihu said nothing โ conveyed to him that he, too, was held accountable for remaining silent and failing to take a stand.
This incident serves as a hakdamah to the avodah of Yom Kippur and the idea of the Kohen Gadol entering the Kodesh Hakodashim. The Torah is stressing that when the Kohen Gadol enters the Kodesh Hakodashim on Yom Kippur, he must enter with reverence, and be careful to avoid the mistakes of Nadav and Avihu.
More Precious than Pearls
The following insight is brought down from R’ Shlomo Heiman, citing R’ Chaim Ozer, citing R’ Yisrael Salanter.
The Gemara expounds the passuk ืึฐืงึธืจึธื ืึดืื ืึดืคึฐึผื ึดืื ึดืื (Mishlei 3:15) to mean that the Torah is more valuable than the Kohen Gadol who went lifnai vโlifnim. The holiest person in Klal Yisrael was the Kohen Gadol โ thatโs the category of adam. Yom Kippur is the holiest day โ thatโs the category of zman. And the Kodesh Hakodashim is the holiest place โ thatโs the category of makom. So you have the holiest person, on the holiest day, entering the holiest place, and yet nevertheless, the Torah is more precious. A Yid sitting by his shtender learning a blatt Gemara surpasses the Kohen Gadol entering the Kodesh Hakodashim on Yom Kippur.
Why do Chazal have to interpret the word ืึดืคึฐึผื ึดืื ึดืื as a reference to lifnai vโlifnim, instead of simply reading it to mean pearls? Someone explained, I think it was R’ Shalom Schwadron, that however valuable a pearl is, no comparison can be drawn between it and the Torah. Theyโre simply not comparable. It must be that ืึดืคึฐึผื ึดืื ึดืื represents something spiritual, and therefore Chazal say that it refers to the Kohen Gadol entering the Kodesh Hakodashim. This is the pinnacle of spiritual achievement, and yet learning Torah is more valuable than that.
The story continues that someone approached him and said, โWith all due respect, I donโt think you understand what the value of a pearl or precious stone can be. Sometimes itโs extremely precious.โ
โWith all due respect,โ he retorted, โI donโt think you understand the value of a blatt Gemara.โ
A Shtick Beis Hamikdash
The Rambam teaches (Hilchos Bias Mikdash 1:3) that just as a kohen may not enter the Beis Hamikdash in a state of inebriation, a person may not issue a halachic ruling after imbibing wine. Why does this halachah appear among the laws related to the Beis Hamikdash? Doesnโt it belong in Hilchos Talmud Torah?
We can derive from here that when a person is learning Torah, and especially when he is issuing a horaah, he is a shtick Beis Hamikdash. We already established that the Torah is more precious than the Kohen Gadol who goes lifnai vโlifnim, and the Rambam is hinting that just as a kohen may not enter the Beis Hamikdash after drinking wine, a person may not pasken after drinking wine โ and the primary reason is not out of concern that the psak will be incorrect, but that the state of giving a horaah is a state of Beis Hamikdash. Just as you canโt enter the Beis Hamikdash after drinking wine, you canโt give a horaah after drinking wine.
The Smallest Divergence Matters
On Yom Kippur we bring two se’irim, one for Hashem and one for azazel. At the outset, these two goats are identical in age, size, and appearance, yet one goes in one direction and one goes in the other. They started off exactly the same, but this small divergence leads to one being thrown off a cliff and falling to the depths, while the other becomes sanctified for Hashem.
This is a profound lesson for us, similar to the lesson of the matzah we just ate on Pesach. The difference between chametz and matzah is just a hairsbreadth, as indicated by the letters of these two words. They both contain a mem and a tzadi, and the hei of matzah and the ches of chametz differ only negligibly.
This lesson is echoed in Parashas Shemini, where the distinction between tamei and tahor in shechitah is also negligible โ the status of a slaughtered animal depends on whether only half the windpipe and esophagus was severed or whether the majority of the two was severed. The difference is a hairsbreadth, but that tiny difference can have a resounding impact.
This parashah also tells us ืึธืึทื ืึธึผืึถื, and we must realize what the stakes are in every single decision we make, and at every junction in our avodas Hashem. Even a small divergence can have a major effect.
We should be zocheh to have clarity, to achieve kirvas Hashem, and to acquire the Torah, which is ืึฐืงึธืจึธื ืึดืคึฐึผื ึดืื ึดืื.